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Opis Performance Tuning for Linux(r) Servers: Linux Server Performance Tuning provides the knowledge and skills needed to understand and improve the performance of Linux servers. It describes the collective practical experience of IBM Linux Technology Center experts in Linux performance monitoring, evaluation and measurement, analysis, and tuning of Linux servers. It discusses methodologies for improving and maximizing the performance of business server applications running on an Intel-based hardware platform and the Linux operating system. Readers will obtains valuable insight into the tuning techniques needed to improve the performance of their software running on Linux. This includes an overview of the Linux kernel (including installation), a synopsis of the various Linux performance tools that can be used to isolate performance issues, and how to use them, and tuning principles, strategies and techniques for various Linux components such as the scheduler, memory and I/O subsystems. In addition, case studies for tuning these subsystems are also included, as well as the performance characterization of several Linux server applications, including web servers, database servers, application servers, and print and file servers.
An indispensable guide to maximizing Linux system and application performance From Wall Street to Hollywood, Linux runs many of the world's most businesscritical systems. Linux performance now impacts the entire enterprise. In Performance Tuning for Linux Servers, a team of IBM's most-experienced Linux performance specialists shows you how to find bottlenecks, measure performance, and identify effective optimizations. This book doesn't just cover kernel tuning: it shows how to maximize the end-to-end performance of real-world applications and databases running on Linux. Throughout, the authors present realistic examples based on today's most popular enterprise Linux platforms, Intel-based Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and Novell SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. These examples are designed for simplicity, clarity, and easy adaptation to any contemporary Linux environment. You'll discover how to
Whether you're an administrator, developer, integrator, or consultant, Performance Tuning for Linux Serverswill help you maximize the performance and value of every Linux system and application you run. © Copyright Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Spis treści Performance Tuning for Linux(r) Servers: Preface. Acknowledgments. About the Editors. About the Contributors. I. LINUX OVERVIEW. 1. Linux Installation Issues. Introduction Preinstallation Planning Configurable 2.6 Kernel Features Linux Logging Facility System Initialization: BSD Versus System V Initialization Summary References 2. Kernel Overview. Introduction The Evolution of Linux Linux Kernel Architecture Process Management Interprocess Communications The Linux Symmetrical Multiprocessing (SMP) Model File Systems New Features in Linux 2.6 Summary References 3. Overview of Server Architectures. Introduction Linux Servers Processors and Multiprocessing Memory I/O Linux Enterprise Servers Linux Clusters Examples of Server Systems Summary II. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS TOOLS. 4. System Performance Monitoring. Introduction Background on Linux and Performance Analysis CPU Utilization Memory Utilization I/O Utilization Network Utilization Summary References 5. System Trace Tools. Introduction Requirements for System Tracing The top Utility strace OProfile Performance Inspector Summary References 6. Benchmarks as an Aid to Understanding Workload Performance. Introduction Benchmarking to Improve Your Workload What Types of Benchmarks Are There? Microbenchmarks Web Server Benchmarks Summary III. SYSTEM TUNING. 7. System Performance Principles and Strategy: A Benchmarking Methodology Case Study. Introduction Performance Evaluation Methodologies Benchmarking Methodology Case Study Analysis Methodology Benchmarks Summary Acknowledgments References 8. Scheduler Tuning. Introduction Single-Processor Systems Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) Symmetric Multithreading (SMT) The 2.6 Linux Scheduler Load Balancing Tunable Parts of the Scheduler Summary References 9. The Linux Virtual Memory Performance Implications. Introduction Memory and Address Space High-Memory Support Paging and Swapping The Linux Page Tables New Features in Linux 2.6 Summary References 10. I/O Subsystems Performance Implications. Introduction I/O Scheduling and the Block I/O (BIO) Layer Read and Write Request Batches Read Anticipation Heuristic I/O Components that Affect Performance Addressing an I/O Device Summary References 11. File System Tuning. Introduction File System Fundamentals Journaled File Systems Disks Factor into File System Performance Fragmenting a File System File Synchronization bdflush Parameters Asynchronous Input and Output Raw Disk I/O Ext2 and Ext3 ReiserFS Journaled File System (JFS) Next-Generation File System (XFS) Summary References 12. Network Tuning. Introduction The Network Protocol Stack Kernel Parameter Tuning Mechanisms Kernel Auto Tuning Core Kernel Parameter Descriptions TCP/IPv4 Protocol Kernel Parameters Summary References 13. Interprocess Communication. Introduction What Is Interprocess Communication? Linux SysV IPC Resources and the ipcs Command Semaphore Parameters Message Queue Parameters Shared Memory Segment Parameters Dynamically Modifying the Configurable IPC Parameters Configuring IPC Parameters Statically Pipes Summary 14. Code Tuning. Introduction General Principles Profiling to Understand the Application Compiler Options as Tuning Tools Code Tuning Algorithm: Achieving Performance Through Design Choices File I/O Summary IV. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF LINUX SERVER APPLICATIONS. 15. Web Servers. Introduction HTTP Requests and Responses Network Behavior of a Web Server Anatomy of a Web Server Transaction Different Models of Web Servers Tuning Web Servers Summary References 16. File and Print Servers. Introduction Types of Dedicated Network Storage Servers Optimizing the Performance of Network Storage References 17. Database Servers. Introduction Overview of Database Architectures Database Tuning Areas to Consider Process Management Memory Management I/O Management Summary 18. Application Servers. Introduction The Application Server Defined Java, J2EE, and Application Servers Performance Characterization of Application Servers Improving Performance and High Availability Summary References V. TUNING CASE STUDIES. 19. Case Study: Tuning the i/o Schedulers in Linux 2.6. Introduction Benchmark Environment and Workload Profiles I/O Schedulers and Performance Single-CPU Single-Disk Setup 8-Way RAID-5 Setup 16-Way RAID-0 Setup AS Sequential Read Performance AS Versus Deadline Performance CFQ Performance Summary References 20. Case Study: File System Tuning. Introduction Analyzing File Layout Tuning File Systems Measuring I/O Summary References 21. Case Study: Network Performance on Linux. Introduction Benchmarks Used in the Case Study Enhancements in the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 Kernels Case Study Summary References 22. Case Study: Commercial Workload Tuning. Introduction Overview of Commercial Workload Tuning Standard Commercial Workload Model for J2EE Our Commercial Workload Model: Stock Trading The Performance Analysis Exercise Summary References Appendix A: Tuning Kernel Parameters. Introduction The sysctl Interface The procfs Interface sysfs (Linux Kernel 2.6 Only) General Kernel Parameters Virtual Memory File System Network Index. |
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