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Opis Designing Content Switching Solutions: Today's successful E-business relies on web-based applications hosted in data centers and dependent on content switching solutions, including the robustness and scalability of Server Load Balancing (SLB); the security of SSL; and the disaster recovery and load distribution provided by various global server load balancing (GSLB) techniques. Designing Content Switching Solutions is an advanced reference for network designers and data center architects that focuses on these content switching solutions. Each solution is illustrated by real-world case studies. This book is divided into three parts. Part I focuses on Server Load Balancing and includes an introduction to SLB concepts and terminology. It details Cisco content switching products and overviews some vital protocols, including UDP, TCP, HTTP, RTSP, WCCP, and IPSec. Several case studies with solutions ranging from HTTP/DNS load balancing to firewall load balancing are included with design caveats and details. Part II focuses on SSL-based solutions, including SSL offloading, Back-End SSL, and SSL VPNs between data centers. This part includes protocol details and issues related to SSL. Part III focuses on Data Centers Disaster Recovery and GSLB. Both DNS and IP-based GSLB solutions are addressed in this part. Each chapter in the Designing Content Switching Solutions is independent and presents a new solution with case study, however, design concepts build from one chapter to the next. A practical guide to the design and deployment of content switching solutions for mission-critical applications in data center environments
With the advent of e-commerce and Internet-accessible applications, more and more enterprises and service providers rely on data center services to grow their businesses. Content switching solutions, such as load balancing, caching, and disaster recovery for applications, are an essential data center technology and a key to helping businesses run in an efficient and redundant fashion. Understanding content switching solutions is a must for network designers, engineers, and administrators who need to scale their networks to meet the demands of their business. Designing Content Switching Solutions helps you understand content switching solutions using Cisco® content switching products. You'll get a thorough grounding in the theories and concepts behind content switching and then examine specific solutions through case studies. The case studies in Designing Content Switching Solutions emulate real-world scenarios for the solutions covering some of the common features and functionality deployed in production networks. Designing Content Switching Solutions begins by introducing you to server load balancing (SLB), load balancing HTTP, VPNs, firewalls, and migrations between SLB devices. From there, you move to Secure Socket Layer (SSL) using Cisco products, including providing end-to-end encryption from client to server using backend SSL. Later chapters explore advanced techniques, such as how to provide distributed data center solutions using global server load balancing (GSLB) and how to conduct scaling and integration of SLB with SSL and GSLB. Intended for data center architects and managers, network engineers, network administrators, and project managers, Designing Content Switching Solutions shows you the best practices for each content switching solution, enabling you to design and deploy the most critical content switching solutions in the data center. Spis treści Designing Content Switching Solutions: Foreword Introduction Part I Server Load Balancing (SLB) Chapter 1 Introduction to Server Load Balancing Why Load Balance? Scalability Availability and Redundancy Security Cost Effectiveness History of Server Load Balancing First-Generation Load Balancers Second-Generation Load Balancers Third-Generation Load Balancers Characterization of the Application Protocol and Port Sessions per Second Duration of Transaction Concurrent Sessions Idle Timeout Back End Sessions Session Stickiness SLB and SLB Modes Dispatch Mode Directed Mode SLB Designs Layer 2 Design Layer 3 Design One-Armed Design Direct Server Return Deciding on a Load Balancer Review of Infrastructure Design Concepts VLANs STP Dot1Q Trunking Dual Homed Servers Summary Chapter 2 Introduction to the Cisco Content Services Switch CSS 11500 Platforms Overview CSS 11501 CSS 11503 CSS 11506 CSS 11500 Architecture Distributed Architecture CSS 11500 Modules Switch Control Module for the Cisco 11500 SSL Module for the Cisco 11500 I/O Modules for the Cisco 11500 Session Accelerator Module for the Cisco 11500 Load Balancing with CSS 11500 Services, Owners, and Content Rules CSS 11500 Flow Overview WebNS Software Features Infrastructure-Level Features Load-Balancing Algorithms High Availability SSL Integration for Security and Performance Local and Global Load Balancing Site and System Security Summary of WebNS Features Case Study: CSS-Based Solution Server and Application Requirements Management and Security Requirements Infrastructure Requirements Design Options Traffic Flow Test and Verification Summary Chapter 3 Introduction to the Cisco Content Switching Module Benefits of the Content Switch Module CSM Architecture Load Balancing with Content Switching Module Real Server, Virtual Server, SLB Policy, and More Load Balancing Methods VLAN Tag Client Group (Access Control List) IP Protocol Support High Availability Connection Redundancy User Session Persistence A Typical CSM Traffic Flow Routing with CSM CSM Network Integration Options CSM Layer 2 Design-Bridged Mode CSM Layer 3 Design I-Routed Mode with MSFC on the Client Side CSM Layer 3 Design II-Routed Mode with MSFC on the Server Side CSM Layer 3 Design III-One-Armed CSM Design CSM Layer 3 Design IV-Direct Server Return Case Study: CSM-Based Solution Server and Application Requirements Management and Security Requirements Infrastructure Requirements Design Options Traffic Flow Test and Verification Summary Chapter 4 Layer 7 Load Balancing and Content Customization Benefits of Layer 7 Load Balancing Scalability and Application Acceleration Session Persistence Content Customization Introduction to TCP Data Segments TCP Headers TCP Connection Establishment and Termination TCP Flow Control Introduction to HTTP Protocol Details HTTP Header Fields Differences Between HTTP Versions 1.0 and 1.1 Layer 7 Load Balancing Mechanisms HTTP Methods-Based Load Balancing HTTP URL-Based Load Balancing HTTP Cookie-Based Load Balancing HTTP Cookie Passive-Based Persistence HTTP Cookie Learn-Based Persistence HTTP Cookie Insert-Based Persistence Case Study: Layer 7-Based Solution Server and Application Requirements Infrastructure Configuration Probe Configuration Online Download Application Online Shop Application Online User Profile Application Maximum HTTP Request Parse Length CSM Configuration Test and Verification Summary Chapter 5 Firewall Load Balancing Reasons for and Benefits of FWLB Scalability Redundancy Manageability Types of Firewalls Packet-Based Firewalls Application-Based Firewalls Application Gateway or Proxy Firewalls Layer 2 or Stealth Firewalls Case Study: Firewall Load Balancing Server and Application Requirements Security Requirements Infrastructure Requirements FWLB Design Considerations FWLB Probes Traffic to the Firewalls Traffic from the Firewalls Router or Secure Mode Bridge Mode FWLB Algorithms Configuration Details of the INET Segment Configuration Details of the DMZ Segment Configuration Details of the LAN Segment Test and Verification Summary Chapter 6 Transparent and Proxy Cache Load Balancing Benefits of Caching Caching Overview Mechanics of HTTP Caching HTTP Response Status Code HTTP Request Methods HTTP Cache-Control Directives Expiration and Validation Request Authentication Cisco Application Content Networking and Caching ACNS Roles ACNS Content Types Content Engine Architecture Transparent Caching Modes WCCP Protocols Redirection with the CSS IP Spoofing Proxy Caching Overview Server Proxy (Reverse Proxy Caching) Supported Protocols on the Content Engine Authentication and Management on the Content Engine Content Engine Models Case Study: Content Engine in a Transparent Caching-Based Solution Design Requirements Design Options Configuration Details Summary Chapter 7 Load Balancing Streaming Video Servers Benefits of Load Balancing Streaming Video Servers Scalability Redundancy Introduction to Streaming Video Streaming Clients and Protocols Methods of Video Stream Initiation Types of Streaming Video Servers Apple QuickTime RealMedia Windows Media Technology Streaming Video Protocols Microsoft Media Server (MMS) RTP and RTSP Case Study: Load-Balancing Solution for Video Streaming CSS-Based Solution CSM-Based Solution Summary Chapter 8 Virtual Private Network Load Balancing Benefits of VPN Load Balancing Introduction to Virtual Private Networks Virtual Private Network Protocols Internet Key Exchange Protocol (IKE) ESP and AH Case Study: VPN Load-Balanced Solution IKE Requirements ESP Requirements IPsec over UDP Requirements Design Options Directed Mode Solution Dispatch Mode Solution Summary Chapter 9 Content Switching Device Migrations Motivation Behind Migration Evolution of Load Balancing Advanced Load-Balancing Methods Scalability and Performance Software Features and Functionality Migration Planning Migration Team Fallback Plan Methods and Procedures for the Maintenance Window Application Testing Case Study: Migration from CSS to CSM Infrastructure Requirements Server and Application Requirements Migration Configuration and Design Details Summary Part II Secure Socket Layer Chapter 10 SSL Offloading Introduction to SSL Public Key Cryptography SSL Protocol Communication SSL Protocol Structure SSL Protocol Versions Introduction to SSLMs SSLM for the Catalyst 6500 SSLM Deployments SSLM on the CSS Case Study: CSM and SSLM-Based Solution Design Requirements Design Details of a CSM and an SSLM-Based Solution Configuration Details Summary Chapter 11 Back-End SSL Offloading Back-End SSL on Modules Back-End SSL on the SSLM for the Catalyst 6500 Back-End SSL on the SSLM on the CSS Case Study: Back-End SSL Solution Requirements Design Options Configuration Details Summary Part III Distributed Data Centers Chapter 12 Global Server Load Balancing Motivation for GSLB Domain Name System (DNS) Overview DNS Architecture Components DNS Resolution Process DNS Resource Records and Zones Types of DNS Queries Global Site Selector GSLB Using GSS GSS Features and Performance Case Study: GSLB Solution Using GSS Requirements Topology GSS Network Setup GSS Secondary GSSM Activation CSS Setup in Primary Data Center CSS Setup in Secondary Data Center GSS Setup for the www.roundrobin.com Domain GSS Setup for the www.sticky.com Domain Configuration Details Summary Chapter 13 IP-Based GSLB Using RHI Benefits of Using RHI Architecture Active/Standby Site-to-Site Recovery Autonomous System Prepending BGP Conditional Advertisements Design Limitations Implementation Details for Active/Standby Scenarios AS Prepending BGP Conditional Advertisement Active/Active Site-to-Site Load Distribution Implementation Details for Active/Active Scenarios OSPF Route Redistribution and Summarization BGP Route Redistribution and Route Preference Load Balancing Without IGP Between Sites Subnet-Based Load Balancing Using IGP Between Sites Application-Based Load Balancing Using IGP Between Sites Using NAT in Active/Active Load-Balancing Solutions Summary Part IV Data Center Designs Chapter 14 Scaling Server Load Balancing within a Data Center Benefits of Scaling Content Switching Scalability Performance Scaling Methodologies Distribution of Applications Using DNS for Application Scalability Using Route Health Injection for Application Scalability Application Distribution Approach DNS-Based Scaling Approach Predictable Traffic Flow Ease of Management and Maintenance RHI-Based Scaling Approach CSM RHI Configuration MSFC RHI Configuration and Routes Scaling Beyond Server Capacity Case Study: Scalable SLB Environment Server and Application Requirements Management and Security Requirements Infrastructure Requirements DNS-Based Design RHI-Based Design Testing Maximum Connections Summary Chapter 15 Integrated Data Center Designs Motivations Behind Integrated Data Center Designs Data Center Design 1: FWSM in the Core and Layer 3 CSM in Aggregation Design 1 Topology Details Design 1 Details Design 1 Configuration Details Data Center Design 2: Layer 3 FWSM and Layer 2 CSM in Aggregation Design 2 Topology Details Design 2 Caveats Design 2 Configuration Details Data Center Design 3: Layer 3 FWSM and Layer 2 CSM in Aggregation Design 3 Topology Details Design 3 Caveats Design 3 Configuration Details Data Center Design 4: Layer 3 FWSM and Layer 2 CSM in Aggregation Design 4 Topology Details Design 4 Caveats Design 4 Configuration Details Case Study: Integrated Data Center Design Design Details Primary CSS (CSS 11506-1) Configuration Details Backup CSS (CSS 11506-2) Configuration Details Catalyst 6509 Configuration Details FWSM Configuration Details Summary Index |
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